Charging Global Trade: Shipping Lithium Batteries Internationally

Things to consider when shipping lithium-ion batteries

Because lithium-ion batteries are typically contained or encased within the equipment or products they power, smartphones, tablets, and laptops, they are considered safe to transport, as long as the metal or alloy cell in the battery does not exceed 1g.

However, large lithium-ion batteries, like the ones in electric vehicles, pose a greater risk because they can ignite more quickly. Unlike when shipping smaller lithium-ion batteries, new electric vehicles are moved overseas in huge Ro-Ro vessels, with their batteries secured and not live during the shipping process.

If a lithium battery has been used or damaged, then it should not be shipped. There are three packaging categories for lithium batteries if they are being shipped in a container.

Stand-alone batteries

Packages with only lithium batteries must be protected against short circuiting

The batteries should be placed in non-metallic inner packaging that completely encloses the cell or battery and separates them from contact with electrically conductive materials (e.g. metal)

Movement should be prevented that could cause damage to the cells or batteries

Packed with/contained in

Batteries shipped with or inside other equipment should adhere to the above requirements, plus:

The outer packaging must be made of a sturdy material like wood, fibreboard, or rigid plastic that can endure a 1.2m drop without damage or movement that might allow contact with other batteries

Equipment must be secured to prevent damage caused by movement within the outer packaging and be packed to prevent accidental operation during transport

Vehicles

Lithium batteries contained in vehicles, engines or mechanical equipment must be securely fastened in the battery holder and protected against short circuits

Other hazardous materials within the vehicle (e.g. compressed gas accumulators) must be securely installed

If the vehicle can be handled in a non-upright position, it must be secured in strong, rigid outer packaging

When shipping lithium batteries, it is crucial to check the rules and regulations ahead of transportation, or work with an experience shipping partner to ensure that your cargo is shipped following best practices.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have issued general guidance for shippers, freight forwarders, ground handlers, airlines, and passengers. These regulations include proper packaging, labelling, and documentation to ensure safe and secure transportation. Some general shipping requirements to transport lithium batteries internationally include:

• Lithium batteries weighing over 35kg must be approved by the national authority of the shipping and destination country before shipment.
• Defective or damaged lithium batteries must not be transported.
• Batteries must be packaged in a way that prevents damage, short-circuiting, and accidental activation.
• Goods must be labelled as “Lithium Ion Battery” or “Lithium Metal Battery” and include appropriate shipping marks and hazard labels.
• Lithium batteries must have the correct documentation – including a Dangerous goods declaration, air waybill, and packing list.

Lithium-ion batteries can be shipped around the world; however, some transportation methods will have different rules.

For example, the IATA and ICAO have specific rules for shipping lithium-ion batteries by air. There have been incidents of batteries causing fires within the aircraft and forcing emergency landings.

• Batteries are not allowed in unaccompanied luggage by air freight.
• If not inside a device like a smartphone, the batteries must be in a hard cased container.
  
  

There are restrictions as to how many lithium-ion batteries can be sent within separate containers by air. Only a maximum of four can be sent, with two per container, and each battery must have a rating of below 100 watts per hour.

It is essential to note that some countries have their own regulations and restrictions for shipping lithium batteries, so it is crucial to check with the destination country’s customs authorities before shipping.