The Containerization History: From Wooden Crates to Smart Containers

/pt/lp/blog/shipping/containerization-history

The Containerization History: From Wooden Crates to Smart Containers

30/10/2025

Key Takeaways:

  • From 2,400 ships in 2000 to over 6,400 in 2022, containerization has scaled global trade massively and now helps to underpin global commerce.
  • Innovations like IoT-enabled smart containers, reefers, and advanced locking systems now allow real-time visibility, cargo security, and greater supply chain efficiency, helping to redefine shipping container standards.
  • Stronger materials used in container and vessel construction, longer container lifespans, and the rise of mega container ships are helping to reduce costs and emissions, aligning global shipping with greener trade practices.

 

From fashion trends to social media, AI development, and the rise of automation, it’s safe to say that many things have changed since 2000, and global shipping is no exception.


From Boxes to Global Trade: The Birth of Shipping Containers

Containerization history dates back far before 2000, to 1956 when the first standardized container was introduced by American entrepreneur Malcolm McLean. As the owner of a large trucking company, McLean wanted to develop a uniform container that was able to transition easily between ships and trucks to improve the efficiency of cargo transportation.

One Size Fits All: How Standardization Revolutionized Shipping

From Mclean’s initial development, modern containerization was born.


By the late 1960s the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established standards for container dimensions and specifications on a worldwide basis. This consistency in containers meant they could be easily stacked and transported (something we still see today) anywhere in the world, helping to begin the streamlining of the international shipping process.


Smarter, Stronger, Faster: Tech Innovations in Containers

Much like mobiles have gone from flip phones to touchscreen, over the years the technology used in shipping containers has also changed. Key developments include:

Locking Mechanisms

 

Enhanced locking systems, combining physical strength with digital security, mark another key development in containerization history. Using innovations like GSM alarm systems to alert companies of unauthorized access, cargo security has improved dramatically through this technology.

 

Twistlock Mechanisms

 

Developed in the 1950s, the twistlock mechanism helped standardize how containers are secured and stacked during transportation. This has ensured the stability and safety of cargo across various modes of transport and aided the development of intermodal transportation systems.

Smart Containers

Self-powered by solar panels and designed to provide real-time information, smart containers have transformed shipping.

Using GPS, RFID, and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, these containers provide you with information about your cargo’s location, temperature, humidity, and security, allowing for continuous monitoring and more informed decision making. This leads to better supply chain management and allows for uninterrupted shipping operations.

 

Automation and Robotics

Since 2000, robotics and automation have been integrated into how container handling is approached. Alongside smart ports designed to optimize cargo flow, AI-guided automated cranes and vehicles now handle many tasks, including loading, unloading, and container stacking, reducing the need for manual intervention.

Beyond Steel: The Evolution of Container Materials & Design

Alongside the implementation of technology, container design and the materials used have also evolved.  Most modern shipping containers are still primarily constructed from steel due to its durability and strength. However, advancements in design and materials have improved their efficiency and reduced maintenance costs. They are also coated with a marine-grade paint to improve durability by enhancing resistance to corrosion and environmental damage. These changes mean that the service life of modern shipping containers is generally longer than in 2000 and maintenance costs are typically lower.

Supersized Shipping: The Rise of Mega Container Ships

Another key part of containerization history is the rise of mega ships.

 

As the demand for shipping capacity increased, so too did the size of container ships. Often referred to as ‘mega-ships’, these vessels can carry thousands of containers, helping to reduce shipping costs and improve the efficiency of global shipping solutions.

More Than Just Cargo: Why Container Evolution Matters

Without the development of shipping containers, global trade wouldn’t be where it is today.

Standardization of container sizes helped to reduce transportation costs, while the implementation of technologies such as AI and IoT has improved both security and business operations on a global scale. Equally, the evolution of materials, combined with the rise in mega-ships has helped make shipping practices more environmentally friendly, resulting in the industry becoming better aligned with global sustainability goals.

While the developments over the past two decades have been significant, this evolution is a continuous process, and we can’t wait to see what the next stages in containerization history are.


Ask MSC 

At MSC, we are proud to be leaders in the global shipping industry, with one of the largest global fleets. We have the knowledge and experience to help deliver the best to our customers no matter the size or scale of their business. Contact us today to find out more.

Our Solutions

Shipping Solutions

Learn More

Digital Business Solutions

Learn More

Inland Transportation & Logistics Solutions

Learn More
MEDLOG Argentina

Warehousing & Storage Solutions

Learn More

Related Articles

The Diversity of Dry Cargo Containers: A Guide to Types, Sizes, and Commodities

Depending on the type of commodity, the size of shipment, or the size of the cargo, different types of dry shipping containers may be used in order to preserve the integrity of your cargo and maximise space efficiency. Certain dry cargo freight containers, such as flat rack containers (used for project cargo), can also help facilitate specialised handling for cargo that doesn’t fit the dimensions of standard containers.

Leia mais

Project Cargo Logistics: Overcoming Challenges and Ensuring Best Practices

Project cargo logistics often involves multiple stakeholders, including shippers, carriers, customs authorities, port operators, and project owners, and numerous timelines that need to be adhered to meet the overall project timeline. Delays at one stage of shipping can result in problems further down the line, impacting your overall supply chain and successful delivery.

Leia mais

What is a Reefer Container: All You Need to Know

The technology used on reefer containers, consisting of a microprocessor inside and an external unit enables perishable goods, or cargo which must be kept at a certain temperature, to be shipped worldwide. Without them, everything from the milk you put in your coffee, to the medications and pharmaceutical products you rely on, wouldn’t be available when needed.

Leia mais

Flow State: How Flexitank Containers are Advancing Liquid Cargo Shipping

Once inserted into the container, the liquid to be transported is pumped into the flexitank using a dedicated pump and hose system to prevent contamination. After being filled, the tank is sealed and secured by a sturdy frame inside the container to prevent it from moving during transport. Upon arrival, the cargo can be unloaded and the container thoroughly inspected before being used again.

Leia mais

Supply Chain Transformation: Smarter with Smart Containers

Smart containers are equipped with internet-enabled devices that collect and transmit data about the container’s location, temperature, humidity, and other conditions. This data is accessible to stakeholders in your supply chain via system integration, allowing more efficient tracking and management of cargo.

Leia mais

Shipping, the Silent Artery of Global Trade

. Shipping seems to be an industry which is often misunderstood by many. We can list various brands of products we use, but how many of us can name top shipping companies in this world, who help those companies to produce and make them available in a store nearby? Maybe it is because shipping mostly functions efficiently and remains invisible, many major shipping owners or operators are often unnoticed, irrespective of shipping’s role in our daily life.

Leia mais

Feeder Shipping: Bridging and Building Global Trade Routes

Designed to transport cargo from smaller, regional ports to larger container ships, feeder vessels play a vital role in supply chains on a global scale.

Leia mais

Understanding and Overcoming Common Shipping Challenges

Like many, the shipping industry needs to continuously adapt and innovate to overcome different hurdles and reduce the impact these challenges can have on operations, efficiency, and profitability. All of this is alongside the work that shipping companies put in to improve operational efficiency, customer service, and sustainability practices.

Leia mais

Empowering Confidence with Cargo Insurance

Everyone knows the sea is unpredictable, with anything from extreme weather to piracy, to accidents at sea can have an impact on cargo transportation. Equally, however, being able to ship internationally is vital for businesses looking to transport goods to a global market place. Therefore, to mitigate financial loss in the face of disaster it’s becoming increasingly important for businesses to safeguard their supply chains by investing in cargo insurance with experts like MSC.

Leia mais

Breaking Boundaries: The Endless Uses of Shipping Containers

Whether it’s as a pop-up restaurant, art studio, classroom, or commercial space, their durability and portability mean that shipping containers can be utilized creatively in everyday life. The innovative ways containers can be used may surprise you, as will the number of times you can spot second hand containers in unexpected places during the day.

Leia mais

FAQs

What is containerization in shipping?

Containerization is the practice of transporting cargo in standardized containers, which can easily move between ships, trucks, and trains. This system revolutionized global trade by streamlining transport and reducing costs.

How did containerization change global trade?

By standardizing cargo handling, containerization drastically reduced loading and unloading times, cut shipping costs, and enabled international supply chains to scale globally.

How have shipping containers evolved over time?

Modern containers go beyond the original steel boxes to include:

• Reefers (refrigerated containers for perishables)
• Tank, flat-rack, and open-top containers for specialized cargo
• High-cube containers for bulky loads
• Smart containers with tracking and condition sensors
 

Recent innovations focus on durability, lightweight construction, recyclability, and digital monitoring—enhancing efficiency and sustainability across the supply chain.